Intercellular and long-range RNA trafficking in plants

Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Author

PhD Student in Agricultural Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Plants are uncovered to manifold environmental factors every day, so vigilant reprogramming is compulsory to establish an equilibrium between stress responses and plant growth and development processes. In higher plants, Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) can move between cells, tissues, and also over long distances via phloem. All classes of RNAs have been found in phloem samples, but so far, it is not well understood how the transfer of RNA is carried out mechanistically. The noteworthy point is that small RNAs and some mRNAs can move from cell to cell or integrally in the plant and in this way act as a mobile silencing agent inside the plant. In this article, we will discuss the classification of mobile RNAs, the biological functions of RNA transfer, including their role in plant immunity and morphogenesis, transfer mechanisms, including: sequences that facilitate RNA to transfer, RNA binding proteins, RNA transfer by regulation of plasmodesmata permeability, potential alternative pathways in RNA trafficking like plant pseudo-exosomes. A deeper understanding of this biological information is crucial to open new and interesting avenues for breeding applications, including the identifications and development of resistant crops to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Keywords

References

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