Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Author

Tehran university

Abstract

Hop latent viroid (HLVd) is one of the most significant emerging pathogens in commercial cannabis cultivation, which in recent years has caused substantial economic losses in greenhouses and cannabis-growing farms. In fact, it can be considered the greatest threat to cannabis cultivators worldwide. This viroid is the smallest known plant pathogen and belongs to the Pospiviroidae family. It is responsible for causing Dudding disease, or brittle stem, in cannabis. It is primarily transmitted through vegetative propagation, contaminated tools, and mechanical contact, and by disrupting metabolic pathways, reducing trichomes, and lowering active compounds (cannabinoids and terpenes), it leads to a significant decline in plant yield. Historically, this cannabis disease was first reported in California in 2019. In recent years, hop latent viroid (HLVd) along with distinct symptoms has been reported in cannabis. A study of 200,000 cannabis samples confirmed that 90% were infected with this viroid; therefore, potential estimated damages reach up to 4 billion dollars per year in the United States alone. Hop latent viroid (HLVd) has recently been increasingly associated with severe cannabis symptoms, disrupting seed and fiber production in industrial varieties and cannabinoid content in medicinal varieties. This viroid has been shown to reduce THC content by 50 to 70 percent. It is worth noting that, to date, there have been no reports of cannabis infection by this viroid in Iran.

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